Hydraulic brick-machine.



No. 66|,864. 'Patented Nav. I3, |900.

l w. N. emlwlis.`

HYDRAULIC BRICK MACHINE.

(Application ledApr. 30, 1900.)

ma Nowms Pcrsns oo, woroumo., WASHINGTON. D. c.

No. 66|,864. Patented Nov. i3, |900. W. N. GRAVES.

HYDRAULIC BRICK MACHINE.

(Appucaion mea Apr. so, 1900.) (No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 2.

ma Noims PETERS oo, uovo-umu., wAsmNcToN. o. c.

N0. 66|,864. V Patented Nov. I3, |900. W. N. GRAVES.

HYDBAULIUBBICK MACHINE.

(Application filed Apr. 30, 1900.\ (N9 Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 3.

1- Mmmulruwmme N0. 66|,864. Patented Nov. I3, |900.

W. N. GRAVES.

HYDRAULIC BRICK MACHIIIE.-

(Applicatiq med Apr. 3o, 1900.)

7 sheets-sheet d.

K ou

(No Model.)

| .l 1 l l l l I I fra/deff.'-

m: nomas FErcRs co. PNoraLxTno. wAsnmwn, uv c.

No. 661,664. Patented Nov. I3, |900.

w. N. GnAvEs.

HYDRAULIC BRICK MACHINE.

(Applicatin led Apr. 30, 1900.) I

(No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 5.

Patented Nov. I3, |900.

W. N. GRVES. HYDRAULIC BBI'CK MACHINE.

` (Application led Apr. S0, 1900.)

(No Model.)

7 Sheets-rSheet 6.

No. 661,864. Patented Nov. I3, |900. W. N. GRAVES.

HYDRAULIC BRICK MACHINE.

(Application led Apr. 30, 1900.)

7 Sheets-Sheet 7.

(No Madam KNN me "cams PETER: co.. Pno'auwo., wAsmNGYoN, D4 cy NMi-ADSTATES 'ArnNi Ormea..

VILLIS N. GRAVES, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, ASSIGNOR TO THE HYDRAULIC-PRESS BRICK COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

HYDRAULIC BRICK-MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent No. 661,864. dated November13, 1900.

Application filed April 30, 1900. Serial No. 14,906. (No model.)

To rr/ZZ whom t may concern: Fig. IX is an enlarged vertical sectiontaken Be it known that I, W'ILLIS N. GRAVES, a on line IX IX, Fig. I.Fig. X is an enlarged citiZenoftheUniIed States,residingatthecity detailvertical section taken on line X X, of St. Louis, in the State ofMissouri, have in- Fig. I. Fig. XI is an enlarged vertical sec- 55 5vented certain new and useful Improvements `tion taken on line XI XI,Fig. III. Fig. XII in Hydraulic Brick-Machines, of which the `is anenlarged vertical section taken on line followingisafull, clear,andexactdescription, `XII XII, Fig. VII. Fig. XIII isa horizontal referencebeing had to the accompanying section taken on line XIII XIII, Fig. II.drawings, forming part of this specification. Fig. XIV is a verticalsection taken on line 6o ro In the manufacture of bricks by hydraulic,XIV XIV, Fig. XIII. Fig. XV is a horizonmachines small orders for fancybricks or tal section taken on line XV XV, Fig. VII. bricks ofornamental shapes are frequently Fig. XVI is a transverse section takenon received, and to shut down such a machine, line XVI XVI, Fig. XIII.Fig. XVII isa which represents the expenditure of considdiagrammaticview illustrating the operation 65 i5 erable capital, while changing thedies and of the machine, showingthe general arrangemolds to ll suchsmall orders, incurs an exment of the parts without reference to theirpense which is frequently more than the endetail construction. tireamount received for the order. Referring by numerals to the accompany-'ihe object of my invention is to make a ing drawings, l I indicate apair of beams, 7o 2o comparatively inexpensive hydraulic ma- IFigs. Iand VII, which are held in a iixed chine for filling such small ordersand which position in any suitable manner and which if allowed to standidle between the receipts serve as a base for the framework of the oforders the loss entailed is slight compared machine. Fixed to andextending upwardly with the loss that would be incurred by alfrom eachbeam isa pair of brackets 2, (see 75 z5 lowing a hydraulic machine suchas is now Figs. I and VIL) that support a verticallyin use to remainidle, as the amount of caparranged lower cylinder 3, in which operatesital involved is very much less. In order t-o the piston 4 of the lowerram. Extending thus make a comparatively inexpensive hyupwardly fromthis lower cylinder are four dra-ulic machine, I depart from thepractice upright angle-bar posts 5, the upper ends of 8o 3o heretoforefollowed of having the valves opwhich support an upper cylinder 6, inwhich crate automatically, and Iarrange the valves operates the piston 7of the upper ram. rIielo be operated manually, but in doing this I rods8, which are arranged in the angles of maintain the high pressure andthe other dethe post 5, are provided on their ends withsir-ablecharacteristicsofahydraulic machine. nuts 8a and serve torigidly hold the frame 85 35 My invention consists in features ofnovtogether and to receive the greater portion of elty hereinafter fullydescribed, and pointed the strain while the rams are under pressure.outin the claims. A mold 9, comprising end pieces l() and Figure Iis aside elevation of my improved side pieces ll, held together by the bolts12, ln'ick-machine. Fig. II is a front elevation is mov-ably positionedin the upright frame 9o 4o ofthe upper portion of the machine. Fig.between the rams. Located in this mold is III is a front elevation of aplate or table on a lining 13, which is removable in order that which anumber of valves and actuating-ledifferent linings may be positioned inthe vers are mounted. Fig. IV is a vert-ical trans-4 mold to make anyconfiguration of brick that Verse section taken on line IV IV, Fig..IlI.may be desired. The lower ram is provided 95 45 Fig. V is a detailsection taken online V V, with a removable die 14, (see Fig. II,) whichFig. III. Fig. VI isa detail section taken ou must necessarilycorrespond with the form line VI VI, Fig. III. Fig. VII isafronteleofthe lining within the mold 9, and the upvation oi' the lowerportion of the machine. per rain carries a corresponding removable Fig.VIII is a vertical section of a pair of die 1,5. The body 4 of the lowerram carries roo I 5o double valves made use of in my improved pins Iii,which engage against stop-plates 17 machine, taken on line VIII VIII,Fig. III. on the under side of the mold 9 to limit the a acteert upwardmovementof said lower ram. Depending from the under side of the lowercylinder 3 is a smallauxiliary cylinder 19, (see Figs. VII and XVIL) theinlet thereto being at the upper end through a tubular connection 20.Operating in this auxiliary cylinder 19 is a piston 21, the lower end ofwhich extends below the auxiliary cylinder and bears upon a bar 22. Thisbar is connected by rods 23 to a cross-head 24, which is provided at itscenter with a sleeve 24a, that slides upon the auxiliary cylinder 19.Secured to the front and rear faces of the body 4a of the lower ram arethe upper ends of connecting-rods 25, the lower ends of which passthrough the ends of t-he cross-head 24v. Nuts 25a are located on theends of these rods, above and below the cross-head, and interposedbetween the cross-head and the nuts above the same are coil-springs 26.These springs receive any jar resulting from a sudden downward movementof the lower ram.

Pivoted between ears 27, that depend from one of the beams l, is alever-beam 27, upon the center of which bears the bar 22, and detachablysecured to the forward end of this beam is the forked lower end 28DL ofa rod 28. This rod extends upwardly through a bearing 29, fixed to theframe of the machine, the portion of said rod above the bearing beingscrew-threaded'and engaging in an interiorlyscrew-threaded sleeve 30,that is provided on its upper end wit-h a hand-wheel 3l. (See Fig. II.)The ears 27 and the fork at the lower end 28a of the rod 28 are providedwith ya plurality of apertures to permit of the lever-beam 27EL beingheld at different elevations, this adjustment, together with the sleeve30, operating on the upper end of the rod 28, determiningr the normalposition of the lower ram and necessarily the position of the lower die14 in the mold 9. l

Formed integral with and projecting laterally from the lower cylinder 3is a tubular projection 32, to the outer end of which is bolted aflanged extension of a vertically-arranged upper cylinder 33 (see Fig.VII) of the high-pressure pump. To the lower end of this upper cylinderis secured a skelet-on frame 34, beneath which is bolted a lower cylder35 of greater diameter than the upper cylinder 33. A piston 36 (see Fig.IX) operate-s within the lower cylinder 35, and the stem 37 of saidpiston passes upwardly into the upper cylinder 33, acting as a pistontherein.l The chamber within the cylinder 33 is slightly larger indiameter than is the stem 37. By this construction the pressure enteringbeneath and elevating the piston 36 will be multiplied within the uppercylinder 33 as the stem 37 rises therein.

A valve-casing 38 is secured to the upper cylinder 33 directly oppositefrom the point where said upper cylinder joins the tubular projection32, and constructed to rest upon the seat within'said valve-casing is avalve 39, in the center of which is a small valve 40. This small valveis carried by a stern 41, which extends downwardly through the casing38, there being a collar 42 on said stem a short distance below thelarge valve when the latter is seated, and a spring 43 is interposedbetween the upper end of the stem 4l and the plug in the top of thevalve-casing; Immediately beneath the valve-stem 4l and arranged to bearthereagainst is a short lever 44, (see Fig. 1,) the rear end of which ispivoted to the skeleton frame 34. A pipe 45 leads from the chamber inthe valve-casing 38 below the valve to a suitably-located tank 46. (SeeFigs. VII and XVII.)

Carried by the piston 36 and extending upwardly through the skeletonframe 34 is a rod 47, (see Figs. I and IX,)4 which is for the purpose ofindicating the movement of said piston. v

Arranged at the sides of the mold (see Fig. XVI) are small cylinders 48,in which operate the pistons 49, the upper ends of which are detachablysecured to the sides of the body 7a of the upper ram. (See Fig. II.)Pressure within these auxiliary cylinders 48 beneath the pistons causesthe upper ram to ascend to its limit of movement, and the pistons alsoserve as guides for the vertical movement of the upper ram and diecarried thereby. The upward movement of this upper ram is limited by thestop-pins 50, depending from the body of the upper cylinder 6. Extendingrearwardly from the mold is a table 51, immediately above the forwardend of which is a hopper 52.

of which is a pocket 55, that is normally positioned immediately beneaththe hopper. Fixed to the sides of the box and extending forwardly overthe mold is a pair of straps 56, joined at their forward ends by ahandle 57.

The box S4/constitutes the charger of the machine and fills the spacebetween the table 51 and the hopper 52, and at the time said box isdrawn forward by the handle 57 to discharge the clay from the pocket 55into the mold the rear portion of the box acts as a cut-'off for thelower end of the hopper. Secured to one of the pins 16 (see Fig. II) andprojecting laterally therefrom is an arm 58, which has fixed to itsouter end an upright rod 59, the same sliding through a bearing 60 onone of the uprights 5 and carrying on its upper end avertically-adjustable plate 6l. Pivoted to the face of this plate is abell-crank lever 62, the longer arm of which serves as anindicating-finger, while the shorter hori- ,zo'ntal arm projectslaterally into the path of travel of a finger 63, carried by the body ofthe upper ram. The indicating-finger of the bell-crank lever 62 isweighted, and at the outer end of said finger, on the face of the plate6l, is a scale or series of graduated marks 64.

IOC

(See Fig. XIV.) vArranged to slide between guidestrips 53 on the tableis a box 54, in the forward portion IIC Formed integral with andprojecting laterally from the upper portion of the upper cylinder 6 is atubular extension 65, to the outer end of which is secureda'valve-casing 66. (See Figs. Il and X.) Constructed to t on the seatwithin this casing is a valve 67, provided with downwardly extendingguidewings, and in the center of said valve 67 is a small valve 68. Thissmall valve is carried by a spring-actuated upper stem 69, that extendsdownwardly Within the valve-casing and is provided a short distancebelow said small valve with a collar 70. Operating through the lowerportion ot' the valve-casing is a second lower stem 7l, which isarranged to engage the upperstein 69, said second lower stem 7l normallyresting upon a lever 72, that is pivotcd to the body of the uppercylinder 6. (See Figs. I and Il.) A stand-pipe 73 is connected at itslower end by a short pipe 74 to the chamber, below the valve in thecasing 66.

Secured to the frame of the machine a short distance below the mold andextending outwardly is a table or shelf 75, (see Fig. IIL) upon whichare located certain valves and operating-levers, now to be described.Fixed to and extending` upwardly from the tableis a pair of brackets 76,adjacent to the righthand one of which is located a double valvecasing77. This casing comprises a pair of vertically-arranged front and rearcylinders 78 and 79, (see Fig. XVII,) in the upperends of which operate,respectively, the spring-actuated valve-Steins 80 and 81, carrying thevalves 82 and 83.

A tubular portion S4 of the casing 77 affords communication from thechamber above the valve 82 to the chamber below the valve 83. rlhe'upperends of the valve-stems 80 and 81 pass through the ends of a-lever S5,,that is journaled at its center upon a rod S6, the ends of which areseated in the upper portions of the brackets 76. Nuts E and 81u arelocated on the upper ends of the stems 80 and 81 above the lever S5. Tothe rear end of this lever S5, that is extended beyond the stem 81, ispivotally connected the lower end ot' a rod S7, (see Figs. I and XVIL)the upper end of which is connected to the lever 72, the lattercontrolling the valves 67 and 68. An operating-handle 88 extendsupwardly from the center of the lever and carries a locking-latch 89,the lower end of which engages on either side ot' a small segment 90,fixed to the rod 86. (See Figs. III and VI.) The handle 88 normallystands in .a forward position, during which time the valve S2 is closedand the valves 8 3, 67, and 68 are open, as shown in Fig. XVII. A secondvalve-casing 91, (see Figs. VIII and XVIL) identical in size andconstruction with the other valve-casing 77, is arranged adjacent to theleft-hand bracket 76, said casing 91 being provided with the front andrear cylinders or tubular members 92 and 93, in which operate thespring-actuated valve-stems 94 and 95, carrying on their lower ends thevalves 96 and 97. The parts 92 and 93 are connected by a passage-way 98.The upper ends ofthe valve stems 94 and 95 extend upwardly through alever 99, that is journaled on the rod 86, and nuts'94a and 95l arepositioned on said valve-stems above the lever 99. An operating-handle100 extends upwardly from the center of the lever 99, and the lower endof a spring-actuated locking-latch 101, carried by said handle, engagesthe notches of a small segment lOl, carried by the rod 86. (See Fig. V.)Seated in the table 75, between and to the rear ot' the pairs of doublevalves, is a valve-casing 102, (see Figs. III and XL) in which operatesa valve 103,carried byaspringactuated stem 104, that extends downwardlythrough the valve-casing and the table. A lever 105 is pivoted at oneend beneath the table 75 in such a position as that it will engage thevalve-stem 104 when moved upwardly, and connected to the forward end ofthis lever 105 is the lower end of. a rod 106,

which extends upwardly through the table and is connected to theextended rear end of the lever 99. (See Fig. VIII.) The handle 100 ofthis lever 99 being normally in a rearward position the valve 96 is openand the valves 97 and 103 closed.

Located adjacent the left-hand end of the table 75 is a valve-casing107, (see Figs. Ill and IV,) in which operates a valve 108,carried byaspring actuated valve-stein 109, the same extending downwardly throughthe lower end of the casing 107 and the table. An operating-handle 110is pivotally arranged upon a bracket 111, secured to the table 75, andcarries a lever 112, the free end of which is positioned directlybeneath the stem 109. The opposite end of this lever is connected to theupper end of arod 113, the lowerend of which is connected to the forwardend of the lever 44. (See Figs. l and XVII.) 'lhe handle 110 is providedwith a locking-latch 114, the lower end ot' which engages in the notchesof a small segment 115, fixed to the edge of the table 75.

This handle normally stands in a forward position, with the free end ofthe lever 112 a short distance away from the lower end ofthe valve-stem109, thus allowing the valve to stand in a closed position, the valvesand 40, controlled by the lever 44, being normally held open.

Suitably located adjacent to the machine is a pressure-tank 116,containing Water which is under low pressure from a suitably-locatedpump 117. Leading from this tank is a pipe 118, (see Fig. XVIL) whichextends direct to the chamber of the rear cylinder 79, above the valve83 therein, and a branch 119 leads from said pipe 118 to the chamber inthe rear cylinder 93, above the valve 97 therein. Extending from thepipe 118 to the tubular connection 20 at the upper end of the smallauxiliary cylinder 19 is a pipe 120. A pipe 121 leads from the chamberbeneath the valve 83 of the rear cylinder 79 to the lower end of one ofthe small auxiliary cylinders 48, there be- IKO ing a branch from saidpipe 121 leading to the lower end to the opposite auxiliary cylinder 48.Extending from the pipe 118 to the chamber in the valve-casing 107,above the valve 108 therein,ris a pipe 122, and leading from the chamberof said casing 107, below the valve therein, is a pipe 123, in which islocated a check-valve 124. (See Figs. I and XVII.) This pipe 123 entersthe upper end of the cylinder 33, and leading from said pipe 123 (orfrom the upper end or" the cylinder 33) to the chamber in the casing102, above the valve 103 therein, is a pipe 125. A pipe 126 extends fromthe chamber in the casing 102, below the valve 103, to the valvecasing66 at a point between the valves therein and the tubular projection 65.Leading from the chamber beneath the valve 97 in the rear cylinder 93 tothe lower end of the lower cylinder 35 is a pipe 127. Leading from thechambers beneath the valves 82 and 96 in the front cylinders 78 and 92are short pipes 128, which join a waste ordischarge pipe 129, whichleads to the tank 46.

The normal positions of the various parts of the machine are as seen inthe diagrammatic view. The valve 83 being open, the low pressure fromthe tank 116 passes through the pipe 118, rear cylinder 79, and pipe 121into the auxiliary cylinders 48. The pistons 49 on being elevated movethe upper piston 7 toits upper limit of movement, and the valves 67 and68 being held open by the lever 72 the water forced out ot the uppercylinder 6 by said upper piston 7 passes through the valvecasing 66 andup into the stand-pipe 73. The normal pressure also passes through thepipe 120 into the auxiliary cylinder 19, holding the piston 21 at itslower limit of movement, and said piston bearing on the bar 22necessarily holds the lower ram at its lower limit of movement, for thereason that said bar 22 and the body of the lower ram are connected bythe rods 23, cross-head 24, and rods 25.

The operator to fill the mold pulls on the handle 57 and draws the sameforwardly and by so doing brings the charger 55 of the box 54 intocoincidence with the opening in the mold. The clay discharges into themold and upon the lower die therein, after'whioh the charger is returnedto its rearward position. The operator now takes hold of the hand-lever88, at the same time actuating the latch 89, so as to disengage thelower end thereof from the segment 90, and throws said handleverrearwardly in the direction of the arrow. This movement draws the lever72 away from the stem 71, allowing the valves 67 and 68 to close, and atthe same time closing the rear valve 83 and opening the front valve 82.The closing of the rear valve 83 and the opening of the front valve 82releases the pressure within the auxiliary cylinders 48, whereupon theupper ramV and the pistons 49 within said cylinders 48 descend bygravity, thus forcing the water within said auxiliary cylinders outthrough the pipe 121 into the chamber of the inner cylinder 79 of thecasing 77, beneath the valve 83, through the tubular portion 84, pastthe now open valve 82, and from thence through the pipe 129 to the tank46. The suction created in the cylinder 6 by the descending piston 7draws the water from the stand-pipe 73 through the valves 67 and 68,which now act as inlets, into the cylinder 6. When the die 15, carriedby the upper ram, rests upon the clay in the mold, said suction ceasesand the upper ram ceases in its downward movement and the valves 67 and68 close by gravity, thus trapping the water within the upper cylinder6. The operator now takes hold of the hand-lever 110, at the same timedisengaging the lower end of the latch 114 from the segment 115, andpulls said handlever forwardly in the direction of the arrow. Thismovement rocks the lever 112, moves the rod 113 downwardly, and dropsthe lever 44, thus allowing the valves 39 and 40 to close, and at thesame time the valve-stem 109 is forced upwardly by the lever 112 and thevalve 108 is opened. As the valves 39 and 40 close Water is trapped inthe upper cylinder 33 of the high-pressure pump and also in lthe lowercylinder 3 beneath the piston 4 of the lower ram. As the valve 108 isopened the normal or low pressure passes from the pipe 118 through thepipe 122, thence through the open valve 108, through the pipe 123 andcheckvalve 124 thereimthrough the upper cylinder 33, and finally intothe lower cylinder 3. This low pressure acts upon the piston 4,overcomes the pressure upon the small piston`2l within the auxiliarycylinder 19, and forces the lower ram upwardly, consequently compressingthe clay somewhat between the dies 14 and 15 in the mold 9.

To obtain the high pressure and properly press the brick, the operatortakes hold of the hand-lever 100, disengages the end of the latch 101from the segment 1019, and brings said hand-lever forwardly in thedirection of the arrow. This movement opens the valves 103 and 97 andcloses the front valve 96, and the normal or low pressure from the pipe118 passes through the pipe 119, thence through the now open valve 97,and through the pipe 127 to the lower cylinder 35 of the high-pressurepump. The pressure entering said lower cylinder 35 is exerted againstthe piston 36, raising the same in said lower cylinder 35, and as saidpiston is several times greater in diameter than the stem 37, which actsas a piston in the upper cylinder 33, the pressure beneath said piston36 will be greatly multiplied within said upper cylinder 33 as thepiston 37'rises therein. Thus a high pressure is obtained, which passessimultaneously throughv the tubular extension 32 into the lower cylinder3 below the lower ram and through the pipe 125, open valve 103, pipe126, tubular extension 65, and into the upper cylinder 6 above the upperram. Both rams being under high pressure are forced toward one another,and as a result the clay is properly pressed within IOO IIO

the mold 9. In order to obtain the desired and uniform thickness for allthebricks made by the machine, the gage-plate 61 is provided, the samehaving been properly adjusted on the rod 59. As the rams are forcedtogether the finger 63 will engage the short arm oi the bell-crank lever62 and cause the pointer of said bell-crank lever to move along theseries of graduated marks 64. As soon as said iinger comes to the propermark the operator reverses the lever 100 or throws the same to itsoriginal rearward position, thus closing the valves 97 and 103 andopening the valve 96. This shuts off the higlvpressuie pump from theupper ram and releases the high pressure from the lower ram. Theoperator now movesthe hand-lever 88 to its original forward position,this actuation first elevating the valve-stem 69 to unseat the smallvalve 68, which relieves the upper ram from high pressure. Then thelarge valve 67 is opened, and the water in the cylinder 6 passesupwardly into the stand-pipe 73 as the pistou 7 rises in said cylinder.Immediately at'ter the valve 67 opens the outlet front valve 82 closesand the inlet rear valve 83 is opened to allow the normal or lowpressure to pass into the cylinders 48 to elevate the pistons 49 and theupper ram. As this action takes place the low pressure forces the lowerram upwardly7 until the pins 16 engageagainst the stop-plates 17. Thisbrings the lower die 14 on a level with the top of the mold 9, and thebrick carried upon said die is now removed, The upper ram passesupwardly until it engages against the stop-pins 50. After the brick hasbeen removed the operator moves the hand-lever 110 toits originalrearward position. This actuation allows the valve 108 to close and thenunseats the small valve 40 to relieve the low pressure from beneath thelower rain, and immediately following the large valve 39 is opened toallow the water below the lower ram and in the upper cylinder 33 todischarge into the tank 46. The normal pressure to the upper cylinder 33of the highpressure pump is cutoff by the closing of the valve 108, saidnormal pressure now entering the auxiliary cylinder 19 through the pipe120 to force the piston 21 and lower ram downwardly to their originalpositions, thus completing the operation.

From the foregoing it will be observed that when the hand-lever 88 ismoved in the direction of the arrow, Fig. XVII, the water will exhaustfrom the auxiliary cylinders 48 to the tank 46 and permit the upper ramto descend, and as it does so water flows into the upper cylinder 6 fromthe stand-pipe 73; 'that when the hand-lever 110 is moved in thedirection of the arrow the valves 39 and 40 are closed and the valve 108opened, thus establishing communication between the lowpressure pump 116and the cylinder of the lower ram, the water passing through thehigh-pressure pump 33 and the pipe 32; that when the lever 100 is movedin the direction of the arrow a communication will be established betwemthe pipe 126 and the upper cylinder of the upper ram through the valve103, and then a communication will be es.- tablished between the low andhigh pressure pumps through the pipe 118, valve 97, and pipe 127, thecommunication between the high-pressure pump and the cylinder of thelower ram remaining open; that by moving the hand-lever 100 to itsoriginal position the high pressure is cutoff from the lower cylinder(by the opening of the valve 96, which allows the water beneath thepiston 36 to es-4 cape through the pipes 127, 128, and 129 to the tank46) and the high pressure is cut od from the cylinder of the upper ramby the closing of the valve 103; that by moving lever 88 to its originalposition the pressure is relieved in the cylinder of the upper ram bythe opening of valves '67 and 68 and the low pressure is admittedthrough valve 83 to the cylinders 48, thus causing the upper ram to beraised, while theV lower ram follows it up under the low water-pressureto eject the bricks, and that by moving the lever 110 when the brickshave been raised to the top of the mold the valve 108 will close, thusshutting o the low-pressure pump from the cylinder of the lower ram andreleasing low waterpressure in the cylinder of the lower ram by openingvalves 39 and 40, whereupon the lower ram will descend under the forceexerted by low water-pressure entering the cylinder 19 through the pipe120, the above-described movement of the-different levers being given inthe order of their sequence.

It will be understood that when the pressure is released beneath thepiston 36 the piston will be caused to descend under the pressure in theupper cylinder I claim as my inventionl. In a brick-machine, thecombination of upper and lower rains, pistons carrying the rams,cylinders in which the pistons tit, a lowpressure pump for imparting theinitial pressure to the lower ram and for lifting the upper ram, ahigh-pressure pump for giving the iinal pressure to the upper and lowerrams, a valve controlling communication between the low-pressure pumpand the cylinder of the lower ram, a check-valve between thelastmentioned valve and the lower ram, a pivoted lever for moving saidcontrolling-valve, a valve located in the high-pressure pump, a leverfor moving the last-mentioned valve,

and a connection between said levers whereby when the lirst-mentionedvalve is opened to establish a communication between the lowpressurepump and the cylinder of the lower ram through the high-pressure pump,the lastmentioned valve is closed to shut off communication between thehigh-pressure pump and the discharge or waste pipe thereof,substantially as set forth.

2. A brick-machine comprising an upper cylinder, a piston carrying a ramand working in the upper cylinder, a tubular extension IOO (s t l661,864

to the upper cylinder, a low-pressure tank,'a high-pressure pumpconsisting of a lower cylinder, an upper cylinder having a valve-casingand a piston in the lower cylinder having a stem working in the uppercylinder of the high-pressure pump, an outlet-valve having a pendentstem and located -in the valve-casing, an independent valve-casinghaving a valve provided with a pendent stem, a pipeconnecting thelowpressure tank with the independent valve-casing, a pipe having acheck-valve and connecting the independent valve-casing with the uppercylinder of the high-pressure pump, a valve-lever on which the stem ofthe valve in the upper cylinder of the high-pressure pump is supported,an operating-lever on which the stein of the valve in the independentvalve-casing is supported, a rod whereby the levers are connected, apipe having a controlling-valve provided with a pendent stem andconnecting the upper cylinder of the high-pressure pump with thetubular'extension of the upper rain-cylinder, a lever on which thecontrolling-valve stem is supported, a valve-casing constructed withconnected valve-cylinders, an inlet-valve havingastem and located in onevalve-cylinder, an outlet-valve having a stem and located in the othervalve-cylinder, a pipe connecting the low-pressu re tank with theinlet-cylind er, a pipe connecting the inlet-cylinder withv the lowercylinder of the high-pressure pump, and an operating-lever with whichthe stems ofthe inlet and outlet valves are connected, having a rodconnecting it with the lever 'of the controlling-valve.

3. A brick-machine comprising a lower cylinder, a piston carrying a ramand working in the lower cylinder, a tubular projection to the lowercylinder, a low-pressure tank, a high-pressure pump consisting of alower cylinder, an upper cylinder with which the tubular projection isconnected, having a valvecasing and a piston in the lower cylinder ofthe high-pressure pump having a stem working in the upper cylinder, anoutlet-valve having a pendent stem and located in the valve-casing, anindependent. valve-casing having a valve provided with a pendent stem, apipe connecting the low-pressure tank with the independent valve-casing,a pipe having a check-valve and connecting the independent valve-casingwith the upper cylinder, a valve-lever on which the stem of the Valve inthe upper cylinder is supported, an operating-lever on which the-stem ofthe valve in the independent valve-casing is supported, and a rodwhereby the levers are connected.

4. A brick-machine comprising a lower cylinder, a piston carrying a ramand working in the lower cylinder, a' tubular projection to the lowercylinder, a low-pressure tank, a high-pressure pump consisting of alower cylinder, an upper cylinder,`with which the tubular projection isconnected, havinga valvecasing and a piston in the lower cylinder of thehigh-pressure pump having a stem working in the upper cylinder, anoutlet-valve having a pendent stem and located in the vvalve-casin,., f,an independent valvecasing having a valve pro vided with a pendent stem,a pipe connecting the low-pressure tank with the independentvalve-casing, a pipe having a check-valve and connecting the independentvalve-casing with the upper cylinder, a valve-lever on which the sternof the valvein Vthe upper cylinder is supported, an operating-lever onwhich the stem of the valve in the independent valve-casing issupported, a rod whereby the levers are connected,a valvecasingconstructed with connected Valve-cylinders, an inlet-valve having astem, and located in one valve-cylinder, an outlet-valve having a stemand located in the other valvecylinder, a pipe connecting thelow-pressure tankwith the inlet-cylinder, a pipe connecting theinlet-cylinder with the lower cylinder of the high-pressure pump, and anoperating-lever with which the stems of the inlet and outlet valves areconnected.

5. In a brick-machine, the combination of upper and lower rams, meansfor operating the rams, and an indicator consisting of a rod carried byone of the rams, a graduated plate adjustably secured to the rod, afinger pivoted to the plate, and a projection carried by the other ramfor engaging said finger, su bstantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 25th day of April,1900.

WILLIS N. GRAVES.

In presence of- E. S. KNIGHT, M. P. SMITH.

